1268: Cabhlach Hákon (3)
Litir sheachdaineach do luchd-ionnsachaidh le clàr-fuaime, tar-sgrìobhadh is mìneachadh. A weekly letter to Gaelic learners with audio, transcription and explanation.
Tha an litir ag obrachadh leis an fhaclair. Tagh an taba ‘teacsa Gàidhlig’ agus tagh facal sam bith san teacsa agus fosglaidh am faclair ann an taba ùr agus bidh mìneachadh den fhacal ann. The letter is integrated with the dictionary. Select the tab ‘Gaelic text’ and choose any word and the dictionary will open and you will see the English explanation of the Gaelic word.
Cabhlach Hákon (3)
O chionn beagan Litrichean, thuirt mi gum bithinn a’ toirt sùil air dà cho-chòrdadh eadar-nàiseanta a thug buaidh mhòr air Alba. Thug sinn sùil mu-thràth air Co-chòrdadh York ann an dà cheud deug, trithead ʼs a seachd (1237). Sin nuair a bha an dàrna Alasdair na Rìgh ann an Alba.
An t-seachdain sa chaidh bha sinn a’ leantainn Hákon IV, Rìgh Nirribhidh, an dèidh Blàr na Leargaidh Ghallta. Bha e air a dhol a dh’Arcaibh. ’S e an treas Rìgh Alasdair a bh’ air rìgh-chathair na h-Alba aig an àm sin. Cha robh Hákon air a bhith gu math fad greis. Agus ann an Arcaibh, air an t-siathamh latha deug dhen Dùbhlachd, dà cheud deug, seasgad ʼs a trì (1263), chaochail e.
A rèir choltais, bha Hákon am beachd na sgìrean Lochlannach ann an Alba a ghlèidheadh. Ach an dèidh a bhàis, thàinig a mhac, Mànus VI, don rìgh-chathair. Bha esan a’ tuigsinn gun robh cumhachd Nirribhidh ann an Alba agus Eilean Mhanainn a’ sìor sheargadh.
As t-earrach, chuir Mànus teachdairean a dh’Alba. Cha d’ fhuair iad deagh èisteachd idir. Dh’inns iad do Mhànus gun robh Alasdair feargach mun sgrios a rinn na Nirribhich sa bhliadhna roimhe.
Fhad ʼs a bha teachdairean a’ dol eadar an dà dhùthaich, thug Alasdair ionnsaigh air Eilean Mhanainn. Dh’aontaich Rìgh Mhanainn – air an robh Mànus cuideachd – gum biodh e dìleas is taiceil do Rìgh na h-Alba. Taobh a-staigh bliadhna, bhiodh esan marbh cuideachd agus bhiodh Eilean Mhanainn fo ùghdarras Crùn na h-Alba.
Thug Alasdair ionnsaighean air na h-eileanan Albannach cuideachd. Mean air mhean bha smachd nan Nirribheach air eileanan eadar Ìle agus Leòdhas a’ fàs cugallach. Ann an dà cheud deug, seasgad ʼs a còig (1265) chuir Rìgh Mànus dithis theachdairean cliùiteach a dh’Alba. Thuirt iad ri Alasdair gum biodh na Nirribhich riaraichte nam biodh smachd aig Alba air Bòd agus Arainn. Ach bha iad ag iarraidh smachd a chumail air a h-uile eilean eile.
Uill, cha robh Alasdair toilichte le sin. Bha grunn choinneamhan eile ann, an dà chuid ann an Nirribhidh agus Alba, mus tàinig an dà thaobh gu aonta. B’ e an t-aonta sin Co-chòrdadh Pheairt. Chaidh ainmean riochdairean an dà dhùthaich a chur ris ann am Manachainn nam Manach Dubha ann am Peairt air an dàrna latha dhen Iuchar, dà cheud deug, seasgad ʼs a sia (1266).
Fon aonta, leig na Nirribhich seachad an smachd a bh’ air a bhith aca air Eilean Mhanainn agus eileanan taobh an iar na h-Alba. Bho sin a-mach bhiodh na h-eileanan sin fo ùghdarras is uachdranachd na h-Alba. Cha bhiodh na h-eileanaich a bha a’ taobhadh le Nirribhidh air am peanasachadh. Agus bha iad saor gus falbh nam biodh iad air a shon.
Dè fhuair na Nirribhich às? Uill, ghlèidh iad Arcaibh agus Sealtainn. Agus fhuair iad sùim airgid – ceud marg gach bliadhna. Bha sin timcheall air seasgad ʼs a sia notaichean (£66) gach bliadhna – sùim glè mhòr aig an àm.
Eadar Co-chòrdadh York agus Co-chòrdadh Pheairt, choisinn Alba an ìre mhath an cumadh a th’ aice an-diugh, ach gu bheil Arcaibh agus Sealtainn a-nise mar phàirt dhith. Eatarra, dhearbh an dàrna agus treas Alasdair gun robh iad am measg nan rìghrean a bu bhuadhaiche a bh’ aig Alba riamh.
Faclan na Litreach: Nirribhidh: Norway; Blàr na Leargaidh Ghallta: The Battle of Largs; Arcaibh: Orkney; chaochail: died; mean air mhean: little by little; dithis theachdairean cliùiteach: two highly regarded envoys; uachdranachd: sovereignty; Sealtainn: Shetland; ceud marg: 100 merks.
Abairtean na Litreach: gum bithinn a’ toirt sùil air: that I would be looking at; cha robh X air a bhith gu math fad greis: X had not been well for a while; bha X am beachd na sgìrean Lochlannach ann an Alba a ghlèidheadh: X was intending to keep the Norse possessions in Scotland; gun robh cumhachd Nirribhidh ann an Alba agus Eilean Mhanainn a’ sìor sheargadh: that the power of Norway in Scotland and the Isle of Man was steadily weakening; chuir Mànus teachdairean a dh’Alba: Magnus sent envoys to Scotland; air an robh Mànus cuideachd: who was also called Magnus; bhiodh Eilean Mhanainn fo ùghdarras Crùn na h-Alba: The Isle of Man would be under the authority of the Scottish Crown; bha smachd nan Nirribheach air eileanan eadar Ìle agus Leòdhas a’ fàs cugallach: the Norwegians’ control of islands between Islay and Lewis was becoming shaky; riaraichte nam biodh smachd aig Alba air Bòd agus Arainn: satisfied if Scotland gained control of Bute and Arran; bha grunn choinneamhan eile ann: there were several other meetings; chaidh ainmean riochdairean an dà dhùthaich a chur ris ann am Manachainn nam Manach Dubha ann am Peairt: representatives of the two countries signed in in the Blackfriars’ Priory in Perth; cha bhiodh na h-eileanaich a bha a’ taobhadh le Nirribhidh air am peanasachadh: the islanders who were siding with Norway would not be punished; bha iad saor gus falbh nam biodh iad air a shon: they were free to leave if they wished; am measg nan rìghrean a bu bhuadhaiche: among the most influential kings.
Puing-chànain na Litreach: ’S e an treas Rìgh Alasdair a bh’ air rìgh-chathair na h-Alba: it’s the third King Alexander that was on the throne of Scotland. In the Litrichean I have been calling Alexander III ‘Alasdair a Trì’; similarly I’ve been calling Alexander II ‘Alasdair a Dhà’. However, in Gaelic, there is another way of naming monarchs by number – by using the ordinal descriptor. So we can talk about ‘An Dàrna Rìgh Alasdair’ or ‘An Treas Rìgh Alasdair’. Louis XIV would be either ‘Louis a Ceithir-deug’ or ‘An Ceathramh Louis Deug’, written Louis XIV or an 14mh Louis.
Gnàthas-cainnt na Litreach: Thug sinn sùil mu-thràth air Co-chòrdadh York: we [have] already looked at the Treaty of York.
Tha “Litir do Luchd-ionnsachaidh” air a maoineachadh le MG ALBA
Download the text of this week's letter as a PDF:Thoir a-nuas Litir mar PDF:
PDF documents are especially suited for printing out. Most computers can open PDF files, but if you have problems viewing them you may need to install reader software such as Tha faidhleachan PDF gu sònraichte math airson clò-bhualadh. Tha e furasta gu leòr do chuid de choimpiutairean faidhleachan PDF fhosgladh, ach ma tha trioblaid agad ‘s dòcha gum biodh e feumail bathar-bog mar Adobe Acrobat Reader. fhaighinn.
Litir do Luchd-ionnsachaidh
This letter corresponds to Tha an Litir seo a’ buntainn ri An Litir Bheag 964
Podcast
BBC offers this litir as a podcast: Visit the programme page for more info and to download or subscribe. Tha am BBC a’ tabhainn seo mar podcast. Tadhail air an duilleag-phrògraim airson barrachd fiosrachaidh no airson podcast fhaighinn