277: Gnìomhairean neo-riaghailteach
Litir sheachdaineach do luchd-ionnsachaidh le clàr-fuaime, tar-sgrìobhadh is mìneachadh. A weekly letter to Gaelic learners with audio, transcription and explanation.
Tha an litir ag obrachadh leis an fhaclair. Tagh an taba ‘teacsa Gàidhlig’ agus tagh facal sam bith san teacsa agus fosglaidh am faclair ann an taba ùr agus bidh mìneachadh den fhacal ann. The letter is integrated with the dictionary. Select the tab ‘Gaelic text’ and choose any word and the dictionary will open and you will see the English explanation of the Gaelic word.
Gnìomhairean neo-riaghailteach
A bheil gnìomhairean neo-riaghailteach a’ cur dragh oirbh? Nise, bithibh onarach! Tha mi cinnteach gu bheil. Uill, tha deagh naidheachd agam dhuibh – chan e gu bheil iad a’ dol à bith, ach nach eil ann ach deich dhiubh! Ach ’s e an droch naidheachd a th’ agam - nach eil càil air a shon ach an ionnsachadh!
Tha e na thrioblaid do luchd-ionnsachaidh, gun teagamh, gu bheil sinn ag ràdh, “chunnaic sibh” rudeigin ach “am faca sibh” no “chan fhaca sibh” rudeigin. Agus mar a tha sinn ag ràdh, “gheibh mi” rudeigin ach “am faigh mi” no “chan fhaigh mi” rudeigin. Chan eil coltas sam bith ann gu bheil chunnaic co-cheangailte ri faca no gu bheil gheibh co-cheangailte ri faigh.
Ach tha gnìomhairean neo-riaghailteach gu leòr ann an cànanan eile cuideachd. Ann am Beurla, mar eisimpleir, cò shaoileadh gu robh thought agus think co-cheangailte ri chèile no gu robh càirdeas dlùth ann eadar went agus go?
Dhaibhsan a tha ag ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig, cha chreid mi gu bheil fuasgladh ann airson a leithid, ach le bhith a’ cleachdadh a’ chànain cho tric ’s as urrainn, agus le daoine aig a bheil i gu math. Ach ’s dòcha gu bheil abairtean is rannan is seanfhaclan feumail airson a bhith a’ daingneachadh chleachdaidhean ceart ann an ceann duine. Seo seanfhacal anns a bheil an dà dhreach dhen ghnìomhair faic a’ nochdadh: Chunnaic mise fear a chuala fear a chunnaic fear a bha ag ràdh gum fac’ e fear a chunnaic an rìgh.
Canaidh mi sin a-rithist. Chunnaic mise fear a chuala fear a chunnaic fear a bha ag ràdh gum fac’ e fear a chunnaic an rìgh. Chanainn gur e a th’ ann rudeigin a chanadh tu ri duine eile a bha ag innse naidheachd dhut nach cuala esan idir bhon duine leis an robh an naidheachd an toiseach – third or fourth-hand information mar a chanar ann am Beurla. Chunnaic mise fear a chuala fear a chunnaic fear a bha ag ràdh gum fac’ e fear a chunnaic an rìgh.
Agus seo seanfhacal eile a bhios cuideachail ann a bhith a’ daingneachadh na chanas sinn leis a’ ghniomhair neo-riaghailteach “faigh”. Gheibh cearc an sgrìobain rudeigin, ’s chan fhaigh cearc a’ chrùbain dad idir. Gheibh … agus chan fhaigh. An do thuig sibh an seanfhacal? Feumaidh a’ chearc a bhith a’ sgrìobadh airson biadh a lorg – chan fhaigh i rud sam bith dìreach le bhith a’ dèanamh crùbain. Gheibh cearc an sgrìobain rudeigin, ’s chan fhaigh cearc a’ chrùbain dad idir. Ma tha sibh airson rudeigin a dhèanamh gu soirbheachail, feumaidh sibh a dhol an sàs ann gu ceart. Tha mi cinnteach gu bheil sin a’ gabhail a-steach ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig!
Mus fhalbh mi, tha ceist agam dhuibh. Ma bhios sibh a’ leantainn teacs na Litreach fhad ’s a dh’èisteas sibh rithe gach seachdain, tha mi airson ’s gun cuir sibh an teacs air falbh an-dràsta. Tha mi airson ’s gum bi sibh dìreach ag èisteachd ris an Litir airson leth-mhionaid. Is tha mi a’ dol a chur ceist oirbh. Tha mi airson ’s gum freagair sibh a’ cheist.
Seo i: Bha balach òg ann am Muile turas agus chaidh e a dh’Ì. Carson nach robh dragh air a phàrantan? Canaidh mi a-rithist e: Bha balach òg ann am Muile turas agus chaidh e a dh’Ì. Carson nach robh dragh air a phàrantan? Uill, tha fuasgladh car sìmplidh ann. Chaidh a phàrantan a dh’Ì còmhla ris, agus thill iad a Mhuile air a’ bhàt-aiseig às dèidh làimh! Mar sin leibh an-dràsta.
Faclan na Litreach: gnìomhairean: verbs; neo-riaghailteach: irregular; onarach: honest; chunnaic: saw; cuideachail: helpful; gheibh: will get; soirbheachail: successful.
Abairtean na Litreach: gu bheil iad a’ dol à bith: that they are going out of existence; nach eil càil air a shon ach an ionnsachadh: that there is nothing for it but to learn them; tha e na thrioblaid do X: it is a difficulty fo X; cò shaoileadh gu robh càirdeas dlùth eadar X agus Y: who would have thought that there was a close relationship between X and Y; dhaibhsan a tha ag ionnsachadh: for those who are learning; cha chreid mi gu bheil fuasgladh ann: I don’t think there is a solution; airson a bhith a’ daingneachadh chleachdaidhean ceart: for consolidating correct usages; nach cuala esan: which he didn’t hear; an do thuig sibh?: did you understand?; feumaidh a’ chearc a bhith a’ sgrìobadh airson biadh a lorg: the hen must be scratching in order to find food; dìreach le bhith a’ dèanamh crùbain: simply by crouching [alone]; feumaidh sibh a dhol an sàs ann: you must get involved; gu bheil sin a’ gabhail a-steach: that that includes; fhad ’s a dh’èisteas sibh rithe: at the same time as you listen to it (fem.); thill iad a Mhuile air a’ bhàt-aiseig: they returned to Mull on the ferry; às dèidh làimh: afterwards; mar sin leibh: cheerio.
Puing-chànain na Litreach: The final paragraph is a play on the ear, which is why I asked you to listen to the broadcast version without looking at the text. What is written is bha balach òg ann am Muile turas agus chaidh e a dh’Ì: there was a young boy in Mull one time and he went to Iona. Then I asked, “Carson nach robh dragh air a phàrantan?” (why were his parents not upset?) Of course, this makes no sense in the written form. But, to the ear, the first sentence might (and probably would) have been is “bha balach òg ann am Muile turas agus chaidh e a dhìth” (there was a young boy in Mull one time and he went missing). In fact a dhìth can even mean that the boy was dead or possibly dead – so his parents should have been concerned! If you can think of another good play on words like that, why not send it to me?
Seanfhacal na Litreach: 1. Chunnaic mise fear a chuala fear a chunnaic fear a bha ag ràdh gum fac’ e fear a chunnaic an rìgh: I saw a man that heard a man that saw a man that was saying that he saw a man who saw the king. ie “this sounds like third or fourth-hand information to me and I am not sure I should accept it at face value!”2. Gheibh cearc an sgrìobain rudeigin, ’s chan fhaigh cearc a’ chrùbain dad idir: the scratching hen will get something, but the crouching hen will get nothing – ie get involved!
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