An Gibean mar Leigheas
Do you know the word
gibean? Among other things, it means, according to Dwelly’s dictionary,
‘
St Kilda pudding made of ... a mixture of fulmar fat, oatmeal etc. Said
to be most sustaining and efficacious against coughs and kindred lung
troubles
.’
I was telling you last week about the account that the Skyeman, Martin Martin, made of St Kilda more than three hundred years ago. A Late Voyage to St Kilda. In the account, the author told us about the gibean. That material was used as a cure for coughing that came on the islanders every time that a boat was appearing from another place. The disease was lasting up to a fortnight.
Martin explained that the St Kildans were mixing the gibean with oatmeal. They made a porridge. They were taking the porridge as a cure for the disease.
People didn’t understand at that time how diseases spread. Or how antibodies resist diseases. Martin was dubious about their story about the disease. But he asked everybody about the matter. They all agreed – old and young – that it was true. Even babies on the breast weres suffering from it. The islanders were of the opinion that they were getting it from travellers that were living in their houses.
Not only that, but every time the St Kildans were going to another island, the coughing was coming on them in the same way. They would either have to take gibean or go home to St Kilda to cure themselves. Oh, if physicians had listened to the St Kildans at that time – perhaps they would have learned a lot about the spread of diseases!
The disease must have appeared when Martin went there. But he wrote, as
soon as it was cured with gibean, that people were no longer coughing. That
was even though they were all – two hundred and fifty people between St
Kildans and strangers – coming together as a congregation for church
services.
The Gibean as a cure
A bheil sibh eòlach air an fhacal gibean? Am measg eile, tha e a’
ciallachadh, a rèir Faclair Dwelly, ‘
St Kilda pudding made of ... a mixture of fulmar fat, oatmeal etc. Said
to be most sustaining and efficacious against coughs and kindred lung
troubles
.’
Bha mi ag innse dhuibh an t-seachdain sa chaidh mun chunntas a rinn an
Sgitheanach, Màrtainn MacIlleMhàrtainn, de Hiort o chionn còrr is trì cheud
bliadhna. A Late Voyage to St Kilda. Anns a’ chunntas, dh’inns an
t-ùghdar dhuinn mun ghibean. Bha an stuth sin air a chleachdadh mar
leigheas airson casadaich a bha a’ tighinn air na h-eileanaich gach turas a
bha bàta a’ nochdadh à àite eile. Bha an galar a’ maireachdainn suas ri
ceala-deug.
Mhìnich MacIlleMhàrtainn gun robh na Hiortaich a’ measgachadh a’ ghibein le
min-choirce. Rinn iad brochan. Bha iad a’ gabhail a’ bhrochain mar leigheas
airson a’ ghalair.
Cha do thuig daoine aig an àm sin mar a tha galaran a’ sgaoileadh. No mar a
sheasas anti-cuirp an aghaidh ghalaran. Bha MacIlleMhàrtainn teagmhach mun
sgeul aca mun ghalar. Ach chuir e ceist mun ghnothach air a h-uile duine.
Dh’aontaich iad uile – sean is òg – gun robh e fìor. Bha eadhon leanaban
air a’ bhroilleach a’ fulang leis. Bha na h-eileanaich dhen bheachd gun
robh iad ga fhaighinn bho luchd-siubhail a bha a’ fuireach anns na taighean
aca.
Chan e sin a-mhàin, ach gach turas a bha Hiortaich a’ dol gu eilean eile,
bha a’ chasadaich a’ tighinn orra anns an aon dòigh. Dh’fheumadh iad an
dàrna cuid gibean fhaighinn no falbh dhachaigh a Hiort airson feabhas a
thoirt orra fhèin. O, nam biodh lighichean air èisteachd ris na Hiortaich
aig an àm sin – ʼs dòcha gun robh iad air mòran ionnsachadh mu sgaoileadh
ghalaran!
Feumaidh gun do nochd an galar nuair a chaidh MacIlleMhàrtainn ann. Ach
sgrìobh e, cho luath ʼs a bha e air a chur am feabhas le gibean, nach robh
casadaich air na daoine tuilleadh. Bha sin, eadhon ged a bha iad uile – dà
cheud gu leth duine eadar Hiortaich is coigrich – a’ tighinn cruinn còmhla
mar choitheanal airson seirbheisean eaglais.
