Presenter: Derek Mackay (Derek MacAoidh)
[DEREK] Smaoinich air an abairt: "Rugadh is thogadh mi ann an Glaschu." Tha mi cinnteach gum bi thu air a leithid a chluinntinn. 'S e a th' ann an 'rugadh' agus 'thogadh', ach pàirt den Ghuth Fulangach aig an dà ghnìomhair 'beir' agus 'tog'.
Tha diofar dhòighean againn sa Ghàidhlig air an Guth Fulangach a chruthachadh. Bheir sinn sùil air aonan dhiubh agus cuideachd coimheadaidh sinn air an t-seòrsa suidheachaidh far an cleachdamaid an Guth Fulangach.
A bheil thu air leithid, "Chaidh mo thogail ann an Glaschu" a chluinntinn? Tha e a' ciallachadh an aon rud ri "Thogadh mi ann an Glaschu." 'S e dòigh eile a th' ann air an aon rud a ràdh agus 's e structar glè chumanta a tha ann ann an cainnt làitheil.
Smaoinich air an t-seantans ghoirid seo: "Thog Ruairidh an taigh seo ann an 1971." Bha Ruairidh ann agus rinn esan an obair togail; chan e seantans fulangach a tha seo idir.
Smaoinich a-nis air seo: "Chaidh an taigh seo a thogail ann an 1971." Càit a bheil Ruairidh? Chan eil duine sam bith ann a rinn an obair. Tha brìgh an t-seantains seo fulangach. "Chaidh an taigh a thogail."
Smaoinicheamaid a-nis, air dè dha-rìribh a tha a' tachairt san t-seantans seo: "Chaidh an taigh seo a thogail ann an 1971." Bidh thu air cluinntinn gun tuirt mi am facal 'chaidh', an aon fhacal 's a chleachdas sinn nuair a chanas sinn leithid, "Chaidh mi don bhùth an-dè." Dìreach san aon dòigh, dh'fhaodamaid a ràdh, "Thèid an taigh seo a thogail an-ath-bhliadhna."
Seo agad cuid de dh'eisimpleirean eile den structar seo.
"Thèid do thogail aig 9:00 uairean feasgar; dèan cinnteach gum bi thu deiseil."
"Chaidh an litir seo a sgrìobhadh aig àm a' chiad chogaidh; chan eil fhios againn cò sgrìobh i."
"Thuirt am Prìomhaire gun rachadh na taighean saora seo a thogail "agus gum biodh an cothrom aig a h-uile duine àite-fuirich fhaighinn."
Mar a thuirt mi a cheana, ann an structaran fulangach mar seo, cha bhi duine ann a nì an gnìomh. Mar sin, thèid na structaran seo a chleachdadh nuair nach eil e cudromach cò rinn e anns na tha thu ag ràdh. Is dòcha nach bi fios agad cò rinn e air no dh'fhaodadh gu bheil fios agad ach nach eil thu airson innse.
"Chaidh am baga seo a ghoid bho bhùth sa bhaile. Tha deagh fhios agam cò ghoid e ach cha bhiodh e sàbhailte dhomh innse!"
Ssh. Mar sin leat.
Bonn-notaichean
Anns a' chliob seo thug sinn sùil air aon dòigh son an Guth Fulangach a chruthachadh. Tha dòighean eile ann, ach 's e dòigh gu math cumanta a tha seo agus cluinnidh tu tric e ann an còmhraidhean làitheil. Thèid an structar seo a chleachdadh gu h-àraidh nuair a bhios toiseach agus deireadh deimhinne air a' ghnothach. Cha bhiodh sinn ag ràdh, mar eisimpleir, "Thèid a' Ghàidhlig a bhruidhinn fhathast ann an Gàidhealtachd na hAlba." Chan eil toiseach agus deireadh deimhinne ann. 'S e structar eile a chleachdamaid airson a' bhrìgh fhulangach sin a chur am briathran. Bidh sinn a' coimhead air ann an cliob eile.
Is dòcha gu bheil thu air mothachadh nach robh càil ann a thaobh rudan a tha a' tachairt an-dràsta. Tha sin ri linn is nach eil fìor thràth làthaireach againn sa Ghàidhlig. Feumaidh sinn an gnìomhair 'bi' a chleachdadh son sin a dhèanamh. A-rithist tha seo a' nochdadh ann an cliob eile.
Bonn-notaichean air na bonn-notaichean
Nan robh mi air seo a ràdh: "Chaidh an taigh seo a thogail le Ruairidh." A-nis tha Ruairidh ann san t-seantans seo agus tha fios againn gur esan a rinn an obair, mar sin an e seantans fulangach a tha seo? Uill, 's e. Ged a tha Ruairidh ann agus gu bheil tuigse againn gun do rinn esan an obair togail, tha e ann mar phàirt de chlàs coghnìomhaireach. Tha prìomh bhrìgh an t-seantains fhathast fulangach: "Chaidh an taigh seo a thogail …"
Presenter: Derek Mackay (Derek MacAoidh)
[DEREK] Think about the phrase: "I was born and raised in Glasgow." I am sure that you will have heard something similar. The words 'born' and 'raised' are participles of the two verbs, 'bear' and 'raise' in the Passive Voice.
There are a number of different ways to create the Passive Voice in Gaelic. We'll examine one of them and we'll also look at the types of situation in which the Passive Voice is used.
Have you heard things like, "I was raised in Glasgow"? That means the same thing as "I grew up in Glasgow." It's just another way of saying the same thing and it's a very common construction in everyday speech.
Think about this short sentence: "Ruairidh built this house in 1971." Ruairidh was there and he did the building work; this is not a passive sentence at all.
Now think about this: "This house was built in 1971." Where is Ruairidh? There is no mention of anyone doing the work. The meaning of this sentence is passive."The house was built."
Let us think now about what is really happening in this sentence: "This house was built in 1971." You will have heard that I used the word 'chaidh', the same word that we use when we say something like, "I went to the shop yesterday." In the same way, we could say, "This house will be built next year."
Here are some other examples of this structure.
"You will be collected at 9.00 o'clock in the evening. make sure you are ready."
"This letter was written at the time of the first world war; we don't know who wrote it."
"The Prime Minister said that these affordable homes would be built "and that everyone would have an opportunity to find somewhere to live."
As I said before, in passive constructions like these, there is no-one to carry out the action. Because of that, these constructions are used when whoever did something is not relevant to what you are saying. You may not know who did it or perhaps you do know, but you don't want to tell.
"This bag has been stolen from a shop in the town. I know very well who stole it, but it wouldn't be safe for me to tell!"
Shh. Goodbye.
Footnotes
In this clip we looked at one way of creating the Passive Voice. There are other ways, but this is a very common way you will often hear it used in everyday speech. This construction is used especially when something has a definite beginning and ending. We wouldn't say, for example, "Gaelic will still be spoken in the Highlands of Scotland." That doesn't have a definite beginning and ending. A different construction is used to convey that passive meaning. We will examine that in another clip.
You may have noticed that there was nothing about things happening in the present. That is because we don't have a true present tense in Gaelic. We have to use the verb 'to be' to create that. Once again, this is dealt with in another clip.
Footnotes of the footnotes
Had I said this: "This house was built by Ruairidh." Once again Ruairidh features in this sentence and we know that he did the work, so is this a passive sentence? Well, yes. Although Ruairidh is mentioned and we understand that he did the building work, he appears as part of an adverbial clause. The base meaning of the sentence is still passive: "This house was built …"
Presenter: Derek Mackay (Derek MacAoidh)
[DEREK] Smaoinich air an abairt: "Rugadh is thogadh mi ann an Glaschu." Tha mi cinnteach gum bi thu air a leithid a chluinntinn. 'S e a th' ann an 'rugadh' agus 'thogadh', ach pàirt den Ghuth Fulangach aig an dà ghnìomhair 'beir' agus 'tog'.
Tha diofar dhòighean againn sa Ghàidhlig air an Guth Fulangach a chruthachadh. Bheir sinn sùil air aonan dhiubh agus cuideachd coimheadaidh sinn air an t-seòrsa suidheachaidh far an cleachdamaid an Guth Fulangach.
A bheil thu air leithid, "Chaidh mo thogail ann an Glaschu" a chluinntinn? Tha e a' ciallachadh an aon rud ri "Thogadh mi ann an Glaschu." 'S e dòigh eile a th' ann air an aon rud a ràdh agus 's e structar glè chumanta a tha ann ann an cainnt làitheil.
Smaoinich air an t-seantans ghoirid seo: "Thog Ruairidh an taigh seo ann an 1971." Bha Ruairidh ann agus rinn esan an obair togail; chan e seantans fulangach a tha seo idir.
Smaoinich a-nis air seo: "Chaidh an taigh seo a thogail ann an 1971." Càit a bheil Ruairidh? Chan eil duine sam bith ann a rinn an obair. Tha brìgh an t-seantains seo fulangach. "Chaidh an taigh a thogail."
Smaoinicheamaid a-nis, air dè dha-rìribh a tha a' tachairt san t-seantans seo: "Chaidh an taigh seo a thogail ann an 1971." Bidh thu air cluinntinn gun tuirt mi am facal 'chaidh', an aon fhacal 's a chleachdas sinn nuair a chanas sinn leithid, "Chaidh mi don bhùth an-dè." Dìreach san aon dòigh, dh'fhaodamaid a ràdh, "Thèid an taigh seo a thogail an-ath-bhliadhna."
Seo agad cuid de dh'eisimpleirean eile den structar seo.
"Thèid do thogail aig 9:00 uairean feasgar; dèan cinnteach gum bi thu deiseil."
"Chaidh an litir seo a sgrìobhadh aig àm a' chiad chogaidh; chan eil fhios againn cò sgrìobh i."
"Thuirt am Prìomhaire gun rachadh na taighean saora seo a thogail "agus gum biodh an cothrom aig a h-uile duine àite-fuirich fhaighinn."
Mar a thuirt mi a cheana, ann an structaran fulangach mar seo, cha bhi duine ann a nì an gnìomh. Mar sin, thèid na structaran seo a chleachdadh nuair nach eil e cudromach cò rinn e anns na tha thu ag ràdh. Is dòcha nach bi fios agad cò rinn e air no dh'fhaodadh gu bheil fios agad ach nach eil thu airson innse.
"Chaidh am baga seo a ghoid bho bhùth sa bhaile. Tha deagh fhios agam cò ghoid e ach cha bhiodh e sàbhailte dhomh innse!"
Ssh. Mar sin leat.
Bonn-notaichean
Anns a' chliob seo thug sinn sùil air aon dòigh son an Guth Fulangach a chruthachadh. Tha dòighean eile ann, ach 's e dòigh gu math cumanta a tha seo agus cluinnidh tu tric e ann an còmhraidhean làitheil. Thèid an structar seo a chleachdadh gu h-àraidh nuair a bhios toiseach agus deireadh deimhinne air a' ghnothach. Cha bhiodh sinn ag ràdh, mar eisimpleir, "Thèid a' Ghàidhlig a bhruidhinn fhathast ann an Gàidhealtachd na hAlba." Chan eil toiseach agus deireadh deimhinne ann. 'S e structar eile a chleachdamaid airson a' bhrìgh fhulangach sin a chur am briathran. Bidh sinn a' coimhead air ann an cliob eile.
Is dòcha gu bheil thu air mothachadh nach robh càil ann a thaobh rudan a tha a' tachairt an-dràsta. Tha sin ri linn is nach eil fìor thràth làthaireach againn sa Ghàidhlig. Feumaidh sinn an gnìomhair 'bi' a chleachdadh son sin a dhèanamh. A-rithist tha seo a' nochdadh ann an cliob eile.
Bonn-notaichean air na bonn-notaichean
Nan robh mi air seo a ràdh: "Chaidh an taigh seo a thogail le Ruairidh." A-nis tha Ruairidh ann san t-seantans seo agus tha fios againn gur esan a rinn an obair, mar sin an e seantans fulangach a tha seo? Uill, 's e. Ged a tha Ruairidh ann agus gu bheil tuigse againn gun do rinn esan an obair togail, tha e ann mar phàirt de chlàs coghnìomhaireach. Tha prìomh bhrìgh an t-seantains fhathast fulangach: "Chaidh an taigh seo a thogail …"
Presenter: Derek Mackay (Derek MacAoidh)
[DEREK] Think about the phrase: "I was born and raised in Glasgow." I am sure that you will have heard something similar. The words 'born' and 'raised' are participles of the two verbs, 'bear' and 'raise' in the Passive Voice.
There are a number of different ways to create the Passive Voice in Gaelic. We'll examine one of them and we'll also look at the types of situation in which the Passive Voice is used.
Have you heard things like, "I was raised in Glasgow"? That means the same thing as "I grew up in Glasgow." It's just another way of saying the same thing and it's a very common construction in everyday speech.
Think about this short sentence: "Ruairidh built this house in 1971." Ruairidh was there and he did the building work; this is not a passive sentence at all.
Now think about this: "This house was built in 1971." Where is Ruairidh? There is no mention of anyone doing the work. The meaning of this sentence is passive."The house was built."
Let us think now about what is really happening in this sentence: "This house was built in 1971." You will have heard that I used the word 'chaidh', the same word that we use when we say something like, "I went to the shop yesterday." In the same way, we could say, "This house will be built next year."
Here are some other examples of this structure.
"You will be collected at 9.00 o'clock in the evening. make sure you are ready."
"This letter was written at the time of the first world war; we don't know who wrote it."
"The Prime Minister said that these affordable homes would be built "and that everyone would have an opportunity to find somewhere to live."
As I said before, in passive constructions like these, there is no-one to carry out the action. Because of that, these constructions are used when whoever did something is not relevant to what you are saying. You may not know who did it or perhaps you do know, but you don't want to tell.
"This bag has been stolen from a shop in the town. I know very well who stole it, but it wouldn't be safe for me to tell!"
Shh. Goodbye.
Footnotes
In this clip we looked at one way of creating the Passive Voice. There are other ways, but this is a very common way you will often hear it used in everyday speech. This construction is used especially when something has a definite beginning and ending. We wouldn't say, for example, "Gaelic will still be spoken in the Highlands of Scotland." That doesn't have a definite beginning and ending. A different construction is used to convey that passive meaning. We will examine that in another clip.
You may have noticed that there was nothing about things happening in the present. That is because we don't have a true present tense in Gaelic. We have to use the verb 'to be' to create that. Once again, this is dealt with in another clip.
Footnotes of the footnotes
Had I said this: "This house was built by Ruairidh." Once again Ruairidh features in this sentence and we know that he did the work, so is this a passive sentence? Well, yes. Although Ruairidh is mentioned and we understand that he did the building work, he appears as part of an adverbial clause. The base meaning of the sentence is still passive: "This house was built …"