Presenter: Angela NicAoidh (Angela Mackay)
[ANGELA] Fàilte air ais. Bidh thu mothachail, tha mi cinnteach, gu bheil faclan ag atharrachadh sa Ghàidhlig a rèir an t-suidheachaidh anns a bheil iad san tseantans.
Tha, mar eisimpleir, bòrd againn aig an taigh. Seo agad am bòrd mòr againn. Nis, can gu bheil am bòrd againn làn stuth. Tha tòrr stuth againn air a' bhòrd mhòr. Tha na faclan, 'am', 'bòrd' agus 'mòr' uile air atharrachadh ann an diofar dhòighean.
Tha sinc againn aig an taigh cuideachd. Seo agad an sinc beag geal agam. 'S e leisgeadair a th' annam ged-tà, agus gu tric bidh mi a' fàgail nan soithichean salach fad latha no dhà mus dèan mi an nighe. Ma thig neach-tadhail a chèilidh oirnn agus an sinc làn stuth, is dòcha gun can iad, "Od od! Tha tòrr shoithichean salach anns an t-sinc bheag gheal agad!" Uill, is dòcha nach canadh, ach chì thu gu bheil na faclan seo air atharrachadh cuideachd - cuid dhiubh air atharrachadh san aon dòigh agus cuid eile ann an dòigh eadardhealaichte.
Is dòcha gun do mhothaich thu cuideachd, san dà eisimpleir seo, 'air a' bhòrd mhòr' agus 'anns an t-sinc bheag gheal', gu bheil na faclan beaga sin, 'air' agus 'anns', a' tighinn dìreach ron rud air a bheil sinn a-mach - 'am bòrd' agus 'an sinc'.
Èist ris an sgeul ghòrach seo. Bidh tòrr eisimpleirean den rud seo ann agus bidh mìneachadh sna bonn-notaichean.
Bha caraid dhomh a' cèilidh orm. Bha e na sheasamh faisg air an doras bheag. Bha an doras beag fosgailte agus mo charaid an sin na sheasamh a' gabhail òran! 'S e òran mòr fada a bh' ann agus bha tòrr fhaclan anns an òran mhòr a bha seo. Bha a' chlann agam fhathast air an cois agus iad nan suidhe air an làr ag èisteachd ris.
Nis, tha an làr againn dubh agus geal. Bha a' chlann nan suidhe air an làr dhubh agus gheal. Bha iad a' coimhead coltach ri fir-thàileisg air an làr bhreac sin. Dh'iarr mi orra a dhol suas an staidhre don t-seòmar aca. Nis tha an seòmar aca pìos air falbh bhon chidsin agus shaoil mi nach biodh e comasach dhaibh mo charaid a chluinntinn san t-seòmar bheag aca agus gun rachadh iad a chadal. Bha mo charaid fhathast a' seinn fhad 's a bha mise ag obair air a' chloinn a dhol suas an staidhre!
Cho luath 's a thàinig mi a-nuas a-rithist sguir mo charaid den òran aige. Thuirt e an uair sin gum b' urrainn dha am feadan a chluich cuideachd, agus dh'fhaighnich e dhomh an robh feadan againn. Thuirt mi gun robh, ach nach robh ribheid anns an fheadan agus gum bu chòir dha falbh. Dh'fhalbh e sa bhad. Càit an deach e? Chan eil fhios 'am, ach tha mi an dòchas nach till e ann an cabhaig!
Mar sin leibh an-dràsta.
Bonn-nòtaichean
’S e gnè an fhacail (boireann no fireann) a bhios a’ stiùireadh mar a tha seo ag obair. Sa chliob seo ’s e faclan fireann air an robh sinn a’ toirt sùil.
Bidh an t-alt agus am buadhair a bhuineas do dh’fhaclan fireann ag atharrachadh as dèidh roimhearan sìmplidh, sin agad faclan mar anns, ri, air, fo, bho, agus tòrr eile.
Bidh an t-alt ag atharrachadh chun a’ chruth a bhiodh air nam b' e facal boireann a bha ann. Bidh am buadhair ga shèimheachadh.
Seo agad mar a bhios an t-alt ag obair gun an roimhear sìmplidh ann:
| Faclan a’ tòiseachadh le: | fuaimreag | an t- | an t-ospadal an t-uisge |
| b, f, m, p | am | am balach am fearann |
|
| Litir sam bith eile | an | an dannsa an geama |
|
| Faclan a’ tòiseachadh le: | b, c, g, m, & p | a' + sèimheachadh | a' bhean a' chaileag |
| f | an + sèimheachadh | an fheamainn an fhidheall |
|
| sl, sn, sr neo s + fuaimreag | an t- | an t-sùil an t-slàinte |
|
| Litir sam bith eile | an | an oifis an òraid |
|
Ma choimheadas tu air na faclan a bha againn sa chliob, chì thu gun robh iad a’ leantainn an t-siostaim seo. Bha am bòrd mòr againn, facal fireann a’ tòiseachadh le ‘B’. Bha tòrr stuth againn air a’ bhòrd mhòr (an t-alt ag atharrachadh gu cruth boireann & am buadhair ga sèimheachadh)
Chì thu cuideachd gun robh rudan mar seo ann:
| don t-seòmar | bhon chidsin | san t-seòmar bheag | den òran | sa bhad |
’S e an aon siostam a tha an sàs an seo ach gu bheil an roimhear agus an talt air an cur còmhla ann an seòrsa de ghiorrachadh.
| do an t-seòmar | bho a’ chidsin | anns an t-seòmar | de an òran | anns a’ bhad |
| don t-seòmar | bhon chidsin | san t-seòmar bheag | den òran | sa bhad |
Presenter: Angela NicAoidh (Angela Mackay)
[ANGELA] Welcome back. You will be aware, I'm sure, that words are modified in Gaelic depending on their situation within a sentence.
For example, we have a table at home. This is our big table. Now, say our table was full of stuff. We have a lot of stuff on the big table. The words, 'am', 'bòrd' and 'mòr' are all modified in different ways.
We have a sink in the house too. This is my little white sink. However, I am lazy, and I often leave my dirty dishes for a day or two before I wash them. If visitors come to see me and my sink is full of dishes, they might say, "Dear me! There are a lot of dirty dishes in your little white sink!" Well, they might not say that, but you can see that these words have changed too - some of them have changed in the same way and others in a different way.
You may also have noticed that in these two examples, 'air a' bhòrd mhòr' and 'anns an t-sinc bheag gheal', that those small words, 'air' and 'anns', occur just before the items we are talking about - 'the table' and 'the sink'.
Listen to this silly story. It contains many similar examples and they will be explained in the footnotes.
A friend of mine had come to visit me. He was standing near the small door. The small door was open and my friend was standing there singing a song! It was a long epic song and there were a lot of words to this epic song. My children were still up and they were sitting on the floor listening to him.
Now, our floor is black and white. The children were sitting on the black and white floor. They looked like chess pieces on that chequered floor. I asked them to go upstairs to their room. Now, their room is some distance away from the kitchen and I thought they wouldn't be able to hear my friend in their small room and that they would go to sleep. My friend was still singing while I was working on getting the children to go up the stairs!
As soon as I came back down again my friend finished his song. He then said that he could play the chanter too, and he asked me if we had a chanter. I said that we had, but that there was no reed in the chanter and that he should go. He left immediately. Where did he go? I don't know, but I hope he doesn't come back soon!
Goodbye for now.
Footnotes
The gender of the word (feminine or masculine) determines how this works. In this clip we have been looking at masculine words.
The article and the adjective associated with masculine nouns alter after simple prepositions, that is words such as anns (in), ri (to), air (on), fo (under), bho (from), and many others.
The article changes form as though it were feminine. The adjective is lenited.
Here is how the article works without the simple preposition.
| Faclan a’ tòiseachadh le: | fuaimreag | an t- | an t-ospadal an t-uisge |
| b, f, m, p | am | am balach am fearann |
|
| Litir sam bith eile | an | an dannsa an geama |
|
| Faclan a’ tòiseachadh le: | b, c, g, m, & p | a' + sèimheachadh | a' bhean a' chaileag |
| f | an + sèimheachadh | an fheamainn an fhidheall |
|
| sl, sn, sr neo s + fuaimreag | an t- | an t-sùil an t-slàinte |
|
| Litir sam bith eile | an | an oifis an òraid |
|
If you look at the words used in the clip, you will see that they follow this system. We had "am bòrd mòr" ("the big table"), a masculine word beginning with ‘B’. We had lots of stuff "air a’ bhòrd mhòr" ("on the big table"), the article changing to feminine form and the adjective leniting.
You will also see that there were expressions such as:
| don t-seòmar | bhon chidsin | san t-seòmar bheag | den òran | sa bhad |
| to the room | from the kitchen | in the little room | of the song | at once (immediately) |
The same system is at work here, but the preposition and the article are contracted:
| do an t-seòmar | bho a’ chidsin | anns an t-seòmar | de an òran | anns a’ bhad |
| don t-seòmar | bhon chidsin | san t-seòmar bheag | den òran | sa bhad |
| to the room | from the kitchen | in the little room | of the song | at once (immediately) |
Presenter: Angela NicAoidh (Angela Mackay)
[ANGELA] Fàilte air ais. Bidh thu mothachail, tha mi cinnteach, gu bheil faclan ag atharrachadh sa Ghàidhlig a rèir an t-suidheachaidh anns a bheil iad san tseantans.
Tha, mar eisimpleir, bòrd againn aig an taigh. Seo agad am bòrd mòr againn. Nis, can gu bheil am bòrd againn làn stuth. Tha tòrr stuth againn air a' bhòrd mhòr. Tha na faclan, 'am', 'bòrd' agus 'mòr' uile air atharrachadh ann an diofar dhòighean.
Tha sinc againn aig an taigh cuideachd. Seo agad an sinc beag geal agam. 'S e leisgeadair a th' annam ged-tà, agus gu tric bidh mi a' fàgail nan soithichean salach fad latha no dhà mus dèan mi an nighe. Ma thig neach-tadhail a chèilidh oirnn agus an sinc làn stuth, is dòcha gun can iad, "Od od! Tha tòrr shoithichean salach anns an t-sinc bheag gheal agad!" Uill, is dòcha nach canadh, ach chì thu gu bheil na faclan seo air atharrachadh cuideachd - cuid dhiubh air atharrachadh san aon dòigh agus cuid eile ann an dòigh eadardhealaichte.
Is dòcha gun do mhothaich thu cuideachd, san dà eisimpleir seo, 'air a' bhòrd mhòr' agus 'anns an t-sinc bheag gheal', gu bheil na faclan beaga sin, 'air' agus 'anns', a' tighinn dìreach ron rud air a bheil sinn a-mach - 'am bòrd' agus 'an sinc'.
Èist ris an sgeul ghòrach seo. Bidh tòrr eisimpleirean den rud seo ann agus bidh mìneachadh sna bonn-notaichean.
Bha caraid dhomh a' cèilidh orm. Bha e na sheasamh faisg air an doras bheag. Bha an doras beag fosgailte agus mo charaid an sin na sheasamh a' gabhail òran! 'S e òran mòr fada a bh' ann agus bha tòrr fhaclan anns an òran mhòr a bha seo. Bha a' chlann agam fhathast air an cois agus iad nan suidhe air an làr ag èisteachd ris.
Nis, tha an làr againn dubh agus geal. Bha a' chlann nan suidhe air an làr dhubh agus gheal. Bha iad a' coimhead coltach ri fir-thàileisg air an làr bhreac sin. Dh'iarr mi orra a dhol suas an staidhre don t-seòmar aca. Nis tha an seòmar aca pìos air falbh bhon chidsin agus shaoil mi nach biodh e comasach dhaibh mo charaid a chluinntinn san t-seòmar bheag aca agus gun rachadh iad a chadal. Bha mo charaid fhathast a' seinn fhad 's a bha mise ag obair air a' chloinn a dhol suas an staidhre!
Cho luath 's a thàinig mi a-nuas a-rithist sguir mo charaid den òran aige. Thuirt e an uair sin gum b' urrainn dha am feadan a chluich cuideachd, agus dh'fhaighnich e dhomh an robh feadan againn. Thuirt mi gun robh, ach nach robh ribheid anns an fheadan agus gum bu chòir dha falbh. Dh'fhalbh e sa bhad. Càit an deach e? Chan eil fhios 'am, ach tha mi an dòchas nach till e ann an cabhaig!
Mar sin leibh an-dràsta.
Bonn-nòtaichean
’S e gnè an fhacail (boireann no fireann) a bhios a’ stiùireadh mar a tha seo ag obair. Sa chliob seo ’s e faclan fireann air an robh sinn a’ toirt sùil.
Bidh an t-alt agus am buadhair a bhuineas do dh’fhaclan fireann ag atharrachadh as dèidh roimhearan sìmplidh, sin agad faclan mar anns, ri, air, fo, bho, agus tòrr eile.
Bidh an t-alt ag atharrachadh chun a’ chruth a bhiodh air nam b' e facal boireann a bha ann. Bidh am buadhair ga shèimheachadh.
Seo agad mar a bhios an t-alt ag obair gun an roimhear sìmplidh ann:
| Faclan a’ tòiseachadh le: | fuaimreag | an t- | an t-ospadal an t-uisge |
| b, f, m, p | am | am balach am fearann |
|
| Litir sam bith eile | an | an dannsa an geama |
|
| Faclan a’ tòiseachadh le: | b, c, g, m, & p | a' + sèimheachadh | a' bhean a' chaileag |
| f | an + sèimheachadh | an fheamainn an fhidheall |
|
| sl, sn, sr neo s + fuaimreag | an t- | an t-sùil an t-slàinte |
|
| Litir sam bith eile | an | an oifis an òraid |
|
Ma choimheadas tu air na faclan a bha againn sa chliob, chì thu gun robh iad a’ leantainn an t-siostaim seo. Bha am bòrd mòr againn, facal fireann a’ tòiseachadh le ‘B’. Bha tòrr stuth againn air a’ bhòrd mhòr (an t-alt ag atharrachadh gu cruth boireann & am buadhair ga sèimheachadh)
Chì thu cuideachd gun robh rudan mar seo ann:
| don t-seòmar | bhon chidsin | san t-seòmar bheag | den òran | sa bhad |
’S e an aon siostam a tha an sàs an seo ach gu bheil an roimhear agus an talt air an cur còmhla ann an seòrsa de ghiorrachadh.
| do an t-seòmar | bho a’ chidsin | anns an t-seòmar | de an òran | anns a’ bhad |
| don t-seòmar | bhon chidsin | san t-seòmar bheag | den òran | sa bhad |
Presenter: Angela NicAoidh (Angela Mackay)
[ANGELA] Welcome back. You will be aware, I'm sure, that words are modified in Gaelic depending on their situation within a sentence.
For example, we have a table at home. This is our big table. Now, say our table was full of stuff. We have a lot of stuff on the big table. The words, 'am', 'bòrd' and 'mòr' are all modified in different ways.
We have a sink in the house too. This is my little white sink. However, I am lazy, and I often leave my dirty dishes for a day or two before I wash them. If visitors come to see me and my sink is full of dishes, they might say, "Dear me! There are a lot of dirty dishes in your little white sink!" Well, they might not say that, but you can see that these words have changed too - some of them have changed in the same way and others in a different way.
You may also have noticed that in these two examples, 'air a' bhòrd mhòr' and 'anns an t-sinc bheag gheal', that those small words, 'air' and 'anns', occur just before the items we are talking about - 'the table' and 'the sink'.
Listen to this silly story. It contains many similar examples and they will be explained in the footnotes.
A friend of mine had come to visit me. He was standing near the small door. The small door was open and my friend was standing there singing a song! It was a long epic song and there were a lot of words to this epic song. My children were still up and they were sitting on the floor listening to him.
Now, our floor is black and white. The children were sitting on the black and white floor. They looked like chess pieces on that chequered floor. I asked them to go upstairs to their room. Now, their room is some distance away from the kitchen and I thought they wouldn't be able to hear my friend in their small room and that they would go to sleep. My friend was still singing while I was working on getting the children to go up the stairs!
As soon as I came back down again my friend finished his song. He then said that he could play the chanter too, and he asked me if we had a chanter. I said that we had, but that there was no reed in the chanter and that he should go. He left immediately. Where did he go? I don't know, but I hope he doesn't come back soon!
Goodbye for now.
Footnotes
The gender of the word (feminine or masculine) determines how this works. In this clip we have been looking at masculine words.
The article and the adjective associated with masculine nouns alter after simple prepositions, that is words such as anns (in), ri (to), air (on), fo (under), bho (from), and many others.
The article changes form as though it were feminine. The adjective is lenited.
Here is how the article works without the simple preposition.
| Faclan a’ tòiseachadh le: | fuaimreag | an t- | an t-ospadal an t-uisge |
| b, f, m, p | am | am balach am fearann |
|
| Litir sam bith eile | an | an dannsa an geama |
|
| Faclan a’ tòiseachadh le: | b, c, g, m, & p | a' + sèimheachadh | a' bhean a' chaileag |
| f | an + sèimheachadh | an fheamainn an fhidheall |
|
| sl, sn, sr neo s + fuaimreag | an t- | an t-sùil an t-slàinte |
|
| Litir sam bith eile | an | an oifis an òraid |
|
If you look at the words used in the clip, you will see that they follow this system. We had "am bòrd mòr" ("the big table"), a masculine word beginning with ‘B’. We had lots of stuff "air a’ bhòrd mhòr" ("on the big table"), the article changing to feminine form and the adjective leniting.
You will also see that there were expressions such as:
| don t-seòmar | bhon chidsin | san t-seòmar bheag | den òran | sa bhad |
| to the room | from the kitchen | in the little room | of the song | at once (immediately) |
The same system is at work here, but the preposition and the article are contracted:
| do an t-seòmar | bho a’ chidsin | anns an t-seòmar | de an òran | anns a’ bhad |
| don t-seòmar | bhon chidsin | san t-seòmar bheag | den òran | sa bhad |
| to the room | from the kitchen | in the little room | of the song | at once (immediately) |